{"id":868,"date":"2022-07-04T17:52:23","date_gmt":"2022-07-04T17:52:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vishalfoodtech.com\/?p=868"},"modified":"2022-07-04T17:59:38","modified_gmt":"2022-07-04T17:59:38","slug":"gate-2023-xe-engineering-sciences-syllabus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vishalfoodtech.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/04\/gate-2023-xe-engineering-sciences-syllabus\/","title":{"rendered":"GATE 2023 XE Engineering Sciences- Food Technology Syllabus"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/vishalfoodtech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/gate-2023-cover-photo.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-872\" width=\"821\" height=\"464\"\/><figcaption>GATE 2023 XE Engineering Sciences- Food Technology Syllabus<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_25 counter-hierarchy counter-decimal ez-toc-grey\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"display: none;\"><label for=\"item\" aria-label=\"Table of Content\"><i class=\"ez-toc-glyphicon ez-toc-icon-toggle\"><\/i><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class=\"ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1\"><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/vishalfoodtech.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/04\/gate-2023-xe-engineering-sciences-syllabus\/#GA_General_Aptitude\" title=\"GA General Aptitude\">GA General Aptitude<\/a><ul class=\"ez-toc-list-level-4\"><li class=\"ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/vishalfoodtech.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/04\/gate-2023-xe-engineering-sciences-syllabus\/#Verbal_Aptitude\" title=\"Verbal Aptitude\">Verbal Aptitude<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/vishalfoodtech.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/04\/gate-2023-xe-engineering-sciences-syllabus\/#Quantitative_Aptitude_GATE_XE_2023\" title=\"Quantitative Aptitude GATE XE 2023\">Quantitative Aptitude GATE XE 2023<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/vishalfoodtech.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/04\/gate-2023-xe-engineering-sciences-syllabus\/#Analytical_Aptitude\" title=\"Analytical Aptitude\">Analytical Aptitude<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/vishalfoodtech.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/04\/gate-2023-xe-engineering-sciences-syllabus\/#Spatial_Aptitude_Gate_XE_2023\" title=\"Spatial Aptitude Gate XE 2023\">Spatial Aptitude Gate XE 2023<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/vishalfoodtech.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/04\/gate-2023-xe-engineering-sciences-syllabus\/#XE-A_Mathematics\" title=\"XE-A Mathematics\">XE-A Mathematics<\/a><ul class=\"ez-toc-list-level-4\"><li class=\"ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/vishalfoodtech.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/04\/gate-2023-xe-engineering-sciences-syllabus\/#Section_1_Linear_Algebra\" title=\"Section 1: Linear Algebra\">Section 1: Linear Algebra<\/a><ul class=\"ez-toc-list-level-5\"><li class=\"ez-toc-heading-level-5\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/vishalfoodtech.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/04\/gate-2023-xe-engineering-sciences-syllabus\/#Algebra_of_real_matrices\" title=\"Algebra of real matrices:\">Algebra of real matrices:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/vishalfoodtech.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/04\/gate-2023-xe-engineering-sciences-syllabus\/#Section_2_Calculus\" title=\"Section 2: Calculus\">Section 2: Calculus<\/a><ul class=\"ez-toc-list-level-5\"><li class=\"ez-toc-heading-level-5\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/vishalfoodtech.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/04\/gate-2023-xe-engineering-sciences-syllabus\/#Functions_of_single_variable\" title=\"Functions of single variable:\">Functions of single variable:<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/vishalfoodtech.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/04\/gate-2023-xe-engineering-sciences-syllabus\/#Functions_of_two_variables\" title=\"Functions of two variables:\">Functions of two variables:<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/vishalfoodtech.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/04\/gate-2023-xe-engineering-sciences-syllabus\/#Sequences_and_series\" title=\"Sequences and series:\">Sequences and series:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/vishalfoodtech.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/04\/gate-2023-xe-engineering-sciences-syllabus\/#Section_3_Vector_Calculus\" title=\"Section 3: Vector Calculus\">Section 3: Vector Calculus<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/vishalfoodtech.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/04\/gate-2023-xe-engineering-sciences-syllabus\/#Section_4_Complex_variables\" title=\"Section 4: Complex variables\">Section 4: Complex variables<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/vishalfoodtech.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/04\/gate-2023-xe-engineering-sciences-syllabus\/#Section_5_Ordinary_Differential_Equations\" title=\"Section 5: Ordinary Differential Equations\">Section 5: Ordinary Differential Equations<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/vishalfoodtech.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/04\/gate-2023-xe-engineering-sciences-syllabus\/#Section_6_Partial_Differential_Equations\" title=\"Section 6: Partial Differential Equations\">Section 6: Partial Differential Equations<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/vishalfoodtech.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/04\/gate-2023-xe-engineering-sciences-syllabus\/#Section_7_Probability_and_Statistics\" title=\"Section 7: Probability and Statistics\">Section 7: Probability and Statistics<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/vishalfoodtech.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/04\/gate-2023-xe-engineering-sciences-syllabus\/#Section_8_Numerical_Methods\" title=\"Section 8: Numerical Methods\">Section 8: Numerical Methods<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/vishalfoodtech.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/04\/gate-2023-xe-engineering-sciences-syllabus\/#XE_-_E_Thermodynamics\" title=\"XE &#8211; E Thermodynamics\">XE &#8211; E Thermodynamics<\/a><ul class=\"ez-toc-list-level-4\"><li class=\"ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/vishalfoodtech.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/04\/gate-2023-xe-engineering-sciences-syllabus\/#Section_1_Basic_Concepts\" title=\"Section 1: Basic Concepts\">Section 1: Basic Concepts<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/vishalfoodtech.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/04\/gate-2023-xe-engineering-sciences-syllabus\/#Section_2_First_Law_of_Thermodynamics\" title=\"Section 2: First Law of Thermodynamics\">Section 2: First Law of Thermodynamics<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/vishalfoodtech.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/04\/gate-2023-xe-engineering-sciences-syllabus\/#Section_3_Second_Law_of_Thermodynamics\" title=\"Section 3: Second Law of Thermodynamics\">Section 3: Second Law of Thermodynamics<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/vishalfoodtech.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/04\/gate-2023-xe-engineering-sciences-syllabus\/#Section_4_Properties_of_Pure_Substances\" title=\"Section 4: Properties of Pure Substances\">Section 4: Properties of Pure Substances<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/vishalfoodtech.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/04\/gate-2023-xe-engineering-sciences-syllabus\/#Section_5_Thermodynamic_Relations\" title=\"Section 5: Thermodynamic Relations\">Section 5: Thermodynamic Relations<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/vishalfoodtech.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/04\/gate-2023-xe-engineering-sciences-syllabus\/#Section_6_Thermodynamic_Cycles\" title=\"Section 6: Thermodynamic Cycles\">Section 6: Thermodynamic Cycles<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/vishalfoodtech.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/04\/gate-2023-xe-engineering-sciences-syllabus\/#Section_7_Ideal_Gas_Mixtures\" title=\"Section 7: Ideal Gas Mixtures\">Section 7: Ideal Gas Mixtures<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/vishalfoodtech.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/04\/gate-2023-xe-engineering-sciences-syllabus\/#XE_-_G_Food_Technology\" title=\"XE &#8211; G Food Technology\">XE &#8211; G Food Technology<\/a><ul class=\"ez-toc-list-level-4\"><li class=\"ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/vishalfoodtech.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/04\/gate-2023-xe-engineering-sciences-syllabus\/#Section_1_Food_Chemistry_and_Nutrition\" title=\"Section 1: Food Chemistry and Nutrition\">Section 1: Food Chemistry and Nutrition<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/vishalfoodtech.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/04\/gate-2023-xe-engineering-sciences-syllabus\/#Section_2_Food_Microbiology\" title=\"Section 2: Food Microbiology\">Section 2: Food Microbiology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/vishalfoodtech.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/04\/gate-2023-xe-engineering-sciences-syllabus\/#Section_3_Food_Products_Technology\" title=\"Section 3: Food Products Technology\">Section 3: Food Products Technology<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"GA_General_Aptitude\"><\/span><strong>GA General Aptitude<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Verbal_Aptitude\"><\/span><strong>Verbal Aptitude<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li><em>Basic English grammar:<\/em>\u00a0 tenses, articles, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, verb-noun agreement, and other parts of speech<\/li><li>Basic vocabulary: words, idioms, and phrases in context<\/li><li>Reading and comprehension<\/li><li>Narrative sequencing<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quantitative_Aptitude_GATE_XE_2023\"><\/span><strong>Quantitative Aptitude<\/strong> GATE XE 2023<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>Data interpretation: data graphs (bar graphs, pie charts, and other graphs representing data), 2- and 3-dimensional plots, maps, and tables<\/li><li>Numerical computation and estimation: ratios, percentages, powers, exponents and logarithms, permutations and combinations, and series<\/li><li>Mensuration and geometry<\/li><li>Elementary statistics and probability<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Analytical_Aptitude\"><\/span><strong>Analytical Aptitude<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>Logic: deduction and induction<\/li><li>Analogy<\/li><li>Numerical relations and reasoning<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Spatial_Aptitude_Gate_XE_2023\"><\/span><strong>Spatial Aptitude<\/strong> Gate XE 2023<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>Transformation of shapes: translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring, assembling, and grouping<\/li><li>Paper folding, cutting, and patterns in 2 and 3 dimensions<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"XE-A_Mathematics\"><\/span><strong>XE-A Mathematics<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Section_1_Linear_Algebra\"><\/span><strong><u>Section 1: Linear Algebra<\/u><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Algebra_of_real_matrices\"><\/span><em>Algebra of real matrices:<\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>Determinant, inverse and rank of a matrix;<\/li><li>System of linear equations (conditions for unique solution, no solution and an infinite number of solutions);<\/li><li>Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrices;<\/li><li>Properties of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of symmetric matrices, diagonalization of matrices;<\/li><li>Cayley-Hamilton Theorem.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Section_2_Calculus\"><\/span><strong><u>Section 2: Calculus<\/u><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Functions_of_single_variable\"><\/span><em><u>Functions of single variable:<\/u><\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>Limit, indeterminate forms and L&#8217;Hospital&#8217;s rule;<\/li><li>Continuity and differentiability;<\/li><li>Mean value theorems;<\/li><li>Maxima and minima;<\/li><li>Taylor&#8217;s theorem;<\/li><li>Fundamental theorem and mean value theorem of integral calculus;<\/li><li>Evaluation of definite and improper integrals;<\/li><li>Applications of definite integrals to evaluate areas and volumes (rotation of a curve about an axis).<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Functions_of_two_variables\"><\/span><em>Functions of two variables:<\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>Limit, continuity and partial derivatives;<\/li><li>Directional derivative;<\/li><li>Total derivative;<\/li><li>Maxima, minima and saddle points;<\/li><li>Method of Lagrange multipliers;<\/li><li>Double integrals and their applications.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sequences_and_series\"><\/span><em><u>Sequences and series:<\/u><\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>Convergence of sequences and series;<\/li><li>Tests of convergence of series with non-negative terms (ratio, root, and integral tests);<\/li><li>Power series; Taylor&#8217;s series;<\/li><li>Fourier Series of functions of period 2\u03c0.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Section_3_Vector_Calculus\"><\/span><strong><u>Section 3: Vector Calculus<\/u><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>Gradient, divergence, and curl;<\/li><li>Line integrals and Green&#8217;s theorem.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Section_4_Complex_variables\"><\/span><strong><u>Section 4: Complex variables<\/u><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>Complex numbers, Argand plane, and polar representation of complex numbers;<\/li><li>De Moivre\u2019s theorem;<\/li><li>Analytic functions;<\/li><li>Cauchy-Riemann equations.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Section_5_Ordinary_Differential_Equations\"><\/span><strong><u>Section 5: Ordinary Differential Equations<\/u><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>First-order equations (linear and nonlinear);<\/li><li>Second-order linear differential equations with constant coefficients;<\/li><li>Cauchy-Euler equation;<\/li><li>Second-order linear differential equations with variable coefficients;<\/li><li>Wronskian;<\/li><li>Method of variation of parameters;<\/li><li>Eigenvalue problem for second-order equations with constant coefficients;<\/li><li>Power series solutions for ordinary points.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Section_6_Partial_Differential_Equations\"><\/span><strong><u>Section 6: Partial Differential Equations<\/u><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>Classification of second-order linear partial differential equations;<\/li><li>Method of separation of variables:<\/li><li>One dimensional heat equation and two-dimensional Laplace equation.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Section_7_Probability_and_Statistics\"><\/span><strong><u>Section 7: Probability and Statistics<\/u><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>Axioms of probability;<\/li><li>Conditional probability;<\/li><li>Bayes&#8217; Theorem;<\/li><li>Mean, variance, and standard deviation of random variables;<\/li><li>Binomial, Poisson and Normal distributions;<\/li><li>Correlation and linear regression.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Section_8_Numerical_Methods\"><\/span><strong><u>Section 8: Numerical Methods<\/u><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>Solution of systems of linear equations using LU decomposition, Gauss elimination method; Lagrange and Newton&#8217;s interpolations;<\/li><li>Solution of polynomial and transcendental equations by Newton-Raphson method;<\/li><li>Numerical integration by trapezoidal rule and Simpson&#8217;s rule;<\/li><li>Numerical solutions of first-order differential equations by explicit Euler&#8217;s method.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"XE_-_E_Thermodynamics\"><\/span><strong>XE &#8211; E Thermodynamics<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Section_1_Basic_Concepts\"><\/span><strong><em><u>Section 1: Basic Concepts<\/u><\/em><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>Continuum and macroscopic approach;<\/li><li>thermodynamic systems (closed and open);<\/li><li>thermodynamic properties and equilibrium;<\/li><li>state of a system, state postulate for simple compressible substances, state diagrams, paths, and processes on state diagrams;<\/li><li>concepts of heat and work, different modes of work;<\/li><li>zeroth law of thermodynamics;<\/li><li>concept of temperature.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Section_2_First_Law_of_Thermodynamics\"><\/span><strong><em><u>Section 2: First Law of Thermodynamics<\/u><\/em><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>Concept of energy and various forms of energy;<\/li><li>internal energy, enthalpy;<\/li><li>specific heats;<\/li><li>first law applied to elementary processes closed systems and control volumes, steady and unsteady flow analysis.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Section_3_Second_Law_of_Thermodynamics\"><\/span><strong><em><u>Section 3: Second Law of Thermodynamics<\/u><\/em><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>Limitations of the first law of thermodynamics, concepts of heat engines and heat pumps\/refrigerators, Kelvin- Planck and Clausius statements and their equivalence;<\/li><li>reversible and irreversible processes;<\/li><li>Carnot cycle and Carnot principles\/theorems;<\/li><li>thermodynamic temperature scale;<\/li><li>Clausius inequality and concept of entropy; microscopic interpretation of entropy, the principle of increase of entropy, T-s diagrams; second law analysis of control volume;<\/li><li>availability and irreversibility;<\/li><li>third law of thermodynamics.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Section_4_Properties_of_Pure_Substances\"><\/span><strong><em><u>Section 4: Properties of Pure Substances<\/u><\/em><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>Thermodynamic properties of pure substances in solid, liquid, and vapor phases;<\/li><li>P-V-T behavior of simple compressible substances, phase rule, thermodynamic property tables and charts, ideal and real gases, ideal gas equation of state, and van der Waals equation of state;<\/li><li>law of corresponding states, compressibility factor, and generalized compressibility chart.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Section_5_Thermodynamic_Relations\"><\/span><strong><em><u>Section 5: Thermodynamic Relations<\/u><\/em><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>T-ds relations, Helmholtz and Gibbs functions, Gibbs relations,<\/li><li>Maxwell relations, Joule-Thomson coefficient, coefficient of volume expansion,<\/li><li>adiabatic and isothermal compressibilities, Clapeyron and Clapeyron-Clausius equations.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Section_6_Thermodynamic_Cycles\"><\/span><strong><em><u>Section 6: Thermodynamic Cycles<\/u><\/em><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>Carnot vapor cycle, ideal Rankine cycle, Rankine Reheat cycle,<\/li><li>air-standard Otto cycle, air-standard Diesel cycle, air-standard Brayton cycle,<\/li><li>vapor-compression refrigeration cycle.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Section_7_Ideal_Gas_Mixtures\"><\/span><strong><em><u>Section 7: Ideal Gas Mixtures<\/u><\/em><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>Dalton\u2019s and Amagat\u2019s laws, properties of ideal gas mixtures, air-water vapor mixtures and simple thermodynamic processes involving them;<\/li><li>specific and relative humidities, dew point and wet bulb temperature, adiabatic saturation temperature, and psychrometric chart.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"XE_-_G_Food_Technology\"><\/span><strong>XE &#8211; G Food Technology<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Section_1_Food_Chemistry_and_Nutrition\"><\/span><strong><em><u>Section 1: Food Chemistry and Nutrition<\/u><\/em><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li><strong>Carbohydrates:<\/strong> structure and functional properties of mono-, oligo-, &amp; poly- saccharides including starch, cellulose, pectic substances and dietary fiber, gelatinization, and retrogradation of starch.<\/li><li><strong>Proteins: <\/strong>classification and structure of proteins in food, biochemical changes in the post-mortem, and tenderization of muscles.<\/li><li><strong>Lipids: <\/strong>Classification and structure of lipids, rancidity, polymerization, and polymorphism. Pigments: carotenoids, chlorophylls, anthocyanins, tannins, and myoglobin.<\/li><li><strong>Food flavors:<\/strong> terpenes, esters, aldehydes, ketones, and quinines.<\/li><li><strong>Enzymes: <\/strong>specificity, simple and inhibition kinetics, coenzymes, enzymatic and non-enzymatic browning.<\/li><li><strong>Nutrition:<\/strong> balanced diet, essential amino acids, and essential fatty acids, protein efficiency ratio, water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins, the role of minerals in nutrition, co-factors, anti-nutrients, nutraceuticals, nutrient deficiency diseases. Chemical and biochemical changes: changes occur in foods during different processing.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Section_2_Food_Microbiology\"><\/span><strong><em><u>Section 2: Food Microbiology<\/u><\/em><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li><strong>Characteristics of microorganisms:<\/strong> morphology of bacteria, yeast, mold and actinomycetes, spores and vegetative cells, gram-staining.<\/li><li><strong>Microbial growth:<\/strong> growth and death kinetics, serial dilution technique.<\/li><li><strong>Food spoilage:<\/strong> spoilage microorganisms in different food products including milk, fish, meat, egg, cereals, and their products.<\/li><li><strong>Toxins from microbes:<\/strong> pathogens and non-pathogens including Staphylococcus, Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia, Bacillus, Clostridium, and Aspergillus genera.<\/li><li><strong>Fermented foods and beverages:<\/strong> curd, yogurt, cheese, pickles, soya sauce, sauerkraut, idli, dosa, vinegar, alcoholic beverages, and sausage.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Section_3_Food_Products_Technology\"><\/span><strong><em><u>Section 3: Food Products Technology<\/u><\/em><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li><strong>Processing principles:<\/strong> thermal processing, chilling, freezing, dehydration, the addition of preservatives and food additives, irradiation, fermentation, hurdle technology, and intermediate moisture foods.<\/li><li><strong>Food packaging and storage<\/strong>: packaging materials, aseptic packaging, controlled and modified atmosphere storage.<\/li><li><strong>Cereal processing and products<\/strong>: milling of rice, wheat, and maize, parboiling of paddy, bread, biscuits, extruded products, and ready-to-eat breakfast cereals.<\/li><li><strong>Oil processing<\/strong>: expelling, solvent extraction, refining, and hydrogenation.<\/li><li><strong>Fruits and vegetables processing: <\/strong>extraction, clarification, concentration, and packaging of fruit juice, jam, jelly, marmalade, squash, candies, tomato sauce, ketchup, and puree, potato chips, and pickles.<\/li><li><strong>Plantation crops processing and products:<\/strong> tea, coffee, cocoa, spice, extraction of essential oils and oleoresins from spices.<\/li><li><strong>Milk and milk products processing:<\/strong> pasteurization and sterilization, cream, butter, ghee, ice- cream, cheese, and milk powder.<\/li><li><strong>Processing of animal products:<\/strong> drying, canning, and freezing of fish and meat; production of egg powder.<\/li><li><strong>Waste utilization:<\/strong> pectin from fruit wastes, uses of by-products from rice milling.<\/li><li><strong>Food standards and quality maintenance<\/strong>: FPO, PFA, A-Mark, ISI, HACCP, food plant sanitation and cleaning in place (CIP).<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em><u>Section 4: Food Engineering<\/u><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>Mass and energy balance;<\/li><li><strong>Momentum transfer:<\/strong> Flow rate and pressure drop relationships for Newtonian fluids flowing through pipe, Reynolds number.<\/li><li><strong>Heat transfer:<\/strong> heat transfer by conduction, convection, radiation, heat exchangers.<\/li><li><strong>Mass transfer:<\/strong> molecular diffusion and Flick&#8217;s law, conduction and convective mass transfer,<\/li><li>permeability through single and multilayer films.<\/li><li><strong>Mechanical operations:<\/strong> size reduction of solids, high-pressure homogenization, filtration, centrifugation, settling, sieving, mixing &amp; agitation of liquid.<\/li><li><strong>Thermal operations:<\/strong> thermal sterilization, evaporation of liquid foods, hot air drying of solids, spray and freeze-drying, freezing and crystallization.<\/li><li><strong>Mass transfer operations:<\/strong> psychometric, humidification and dehumidification operations.<\/li><\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Table of Contents GA General AptitudeVerbal AptitudeQuantitative Aptitude GATE XE 2023Analytical AptitudeSpatial Aptitude Gate XE 2023XE-A MathematicsSection 1: Linear AlgebraAlgebra of real matrices:Section 2: CalculusFunctions of single variable:Functions of two variables:Sequences and series:Section 3: Vector CalculusSection 4: Complex variablesSection 5: Ordinary Differential EquationsSection 6: Partial Differential EquationsSection 7: Probability and StatisticsSection 8: Numerical MethodsXE &#8211;&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vishalfoodtech.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/04\/gate-2023-xe-engineering-sciences-syllabus\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Read More &raquo;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">GATE 2023 XE Engineering Sciences- Food Technology Syllabus<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":869,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[48,47,50,44,49,46],"class_list":["post-868","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-food-technology-2023","tag-gate-2023","tag-gate-2023-syllabus","tag-gate-2023-xe","tag-gate-2023-xe-engineering-sciences-syllabus","tag-gate-xe-food-technology-2023"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vishalfoodtech.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/868","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vishalfoodtech.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vishalfoodtech.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vishalfoodtech.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vishalfoodtech.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=868"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vishalfoodtech.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/868\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":873,"href":"https:\/\/vishalfoodtech.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/868\/revisions\/873"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vishalfoodtech.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/869"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vishalfoodtech.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=868"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vishalfoodtech.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=868"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vishalfoodtech.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=868"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}